MARCADORES DE DEFINICION

Identificar marcadores de discurso, específicamente de definición utilizados para definir un concepto o ítem

MOTIVATION

Motivation is the driving force which causes us to achieve goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is generally used for humans but, theoretically, it can also be used to describe the causes for animal behavior as well.

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external pressure. Intrinsic motivation has been studied by social and educational psychologists since the early 1970. Research has found that it is usually associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students. Explanations of intrinsic motivation have been given in the context of Fritz Heider's attribution theory, Bandura's work on self-efficacy, and Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory (see self-determination theory). Students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:

•       attribute their educational results to internal factors that they can control (e.g. the amount of effort they put in)
•        believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by luck),
•     are interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote-learning to achieve good grades.

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the individual. Common extrinsic motivations are rewards like money and grades, coercion and threat of punishment. Competition is in general extrinsic because it encourages the performer to win and beat others, not to enjoy the intrinsic rewards of the activity. A crowd cheering on the individual and trophies are also extrinsic incentives.

Social psychological research has indicated that extrinsic rewards can lead to over justification and a subsequent reduction in intrinsic motivation. In one study demonstrating this effect, children who expected to be (and were) rewarded with a ribbon and a gold star for drawing pictures spent less time playing with the drawing materials in subsequent observations than children who were assigned to an unexpected reward condition and to children who received no extrinsic reward.

               

Idea Principal

                La Motivación es la fuerza que impulsa a alcanzar metas, generalmente usada por los seres humanos, pero en teoría también es usado para describir el comportamiento animal.

                Hay dos tipos de motivación la Intrínseca y la Extrínseca. La motivación Intrínseca  es impulsada por un interés y placer en la tarea en sí, sin basarse en ningún tipo de presión externa. Mientras que la motivación Extrínseca, es la realización de una tarea para conseguir una meta, siendo acompañado de un agente externo, como el dinero, calificaciones, amenazas de castigo, entre otros; en este tipo de motivación no hay tanto disfrute de las recompensas intrínsecas de la actividad.

               

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